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A metastatic brain tumor occurs when cancer from another part of the body spreads (metastasizes) to the brain. It may appear months or even years after the original cancer was treated.
A metastatic brain tumor occurs when cancer from another part of the body spreads (metastasizes) to the brain. It may appear months or even years after the original cancer was treated.
Common Primary Cancers That Spread to Brain
Common Primary Cancers That Spread to Brain
Men: Lung cancer (most common)
Women: Breast cancer (most common)
Others: Melanoma (skin), colon cancer, kidney cancer, prostate cancer.
Symptoms Depend on Tumor Location
Symptoms Depend on Tumor Location
Headache (often worse in morning, relieved after vomiting)
Nausea, vomiting
Vision, speech, or hearing problems
Seizures
Weakness, imbalance, or numbness on one side
Personality, mood, or memory changes
Fatigue, weight loss, or hormonal changes
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Clinical and neurological examination
Brain imaging: MRI or CT scan
Biopsy to confirm cancer and determine grade
Additional tests: PET scan, tumor markers, colonoscopy, etc. to find the primary site
Treatment Options
Treatment Options
Usually involves a multimodal approach depending on tumor size, number, and location:
Usually involves a multimodal approach depending on tumor size, number, and location:
Surgery: To remove accessible brain lesions.
Radiation therapy: Whole-brain or focused (SRS, IMRT, proton beam).
Chemotherapy: Oral or IV drugs to kill cancer cells.
Targeted therapy: Drugs aimed at specific cancer mutations.
Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to fight tumor cells.
Supportive medications: For pain, nausea, seizures, and swelling.
Rehabilitation (physiotherapy, occupational, or speech therapy) may also be part of recovery.
Home & Follow-up Care
Home & Follow-up Care
Take medicines exactly as prescribed.
Report new or worsening symptoms promptly.
Maintain good nutrition and hydration.
Regular follow-up imaging (MRI/CT) as advised.
Join a support group for emotional and social support.
When to Seek Urgent Help
When to Seek Urgent Help
Call your doctor or go to the hospital if you have:
Call your doctor or go to the hospital if you have:
A new or worsening seizure
Fever
Vision problems or trouble walking
Rapid deterioration in alertness or strength
Key Takeaways
Key Takeaways
Metastatic brain tumors are secondary brain cancers that spread from another organ.
Management focuses on controlling symptoms, prolonging survival, and improving quality of life.
Regular follow-up and supportive care are vital for long-term management.
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