Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)

An acoustic neuroma, also called a vestibular schwannoma, is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that grows on the eighth cranial nerve. This nerve connects the inner ear to the brain and is important for hearing and balance. The tumor grows inside a narrow passage called the internal auditory canal. As it enlarges, it can press on the nerve, causing hearing or balance problems. In some cases, nearby facial nerves may also be affected. Acoustic neuroma usually develops on one side only.

Causes and Risk Factors

• The tumor begins with an overgrowth of Schwann cells, which form the protective covering of the nerve.

• The exact cause of this overgrowth is unknown.

• Risk increases if you have:

  • A family history of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), an inherited condition that causes benign tumors on multiple nerves, including the eighth cranial nerve.
    
    

Signs and Symptoms

Acoustic neuromas grow slowly, and symptoms may develop gradually. Common symptoms include:

• Hearing loss in one ear – sometimes sudden and permanent.

• Tinnitus (ringing in the ear).

• Balance problems or vertigo (spinning sensation).

• Headaches.

If the tumor becomes large, it may also press on other nearby nerves, causing:

• Facial weakness, tingling, or numbness.

• Difficulty swallowing.
  
  

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually based on:

• Symptoms and medical history.

• Physical exam, including hearing and balance tests.

• Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans to confirm the presence and size of the tumor.
  
  

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on tumor size, symptoms, and overall health. Options include:

• Monitoring (watchful waiting) – since the tumor grows slowly, small tumors without symptoms may only need regular check-ups.

• Radiation therapy – to stop or slow tumor growth.

• Surgery – to remove part or all of the tumor, especially if it is growing or causing significant symptoms.
  
  

Home Care and Follow-Up

• Learn about your condition and stay involved in treatment decisions.

• Take prescribed and over-the-counter medicines only as directed.

• Keep all follow-up visits, especially if your tumor is being monitored.
  
  

When to Call Your Healthcare Provider

Contact your doctor if you experience:

• Worsening hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, or headaches.

• Facial weakness, tingling, or numbness.

• Difficulty swallowing.

• Any new or concerning symptoms.
  
  

When to Seek Emergency Help

Get immediate medical care if you have:

• Severe dizziness or trouble standing/walking.

• A severe headache.

• Fainting or loss of consciousness.

• A seizure.

Do not wait for symptoms to improve. Do not drive yourself to the hospital.

Summary

• Acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor that affects the hearing and balance nerve.

• It usually develops on one side and may cause hearing loss, ringing in the ear, or balance problems.

• Some cases only require monitoring, while others may need radiation or surgery.

• Regular follow-up is important to prevent complications.
  
  

Note: This information is for education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always discuss your condition and treatment options with your healthcare provider.